Abstract : This study set out to analyze whether the relationship between peel thickness and vitamin C content is mediated by levels of total soluble solids (TSS) and acidity. More specifically, this experimental analytical study considered 24 lemon tree genotypes (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.), with the vitamin C content in the fruits being the criterion of interest. Serial mediation analyses were performed using model six (Model 6) of Hayes’ PROCESS macro (version 4.2) while controlling for weight, fruit length, number of grains/fruit, and percentage of juice. Mediation analysis suggested that peel thickness had a total effect of 31.7423 (95% CI, 9.0369-54.4478) on vitamin C content, with this being split between a direct effect of 7.1281 (95% CI, -14.1482-28.4043) and an indirect effect of 24.6142 (95% CI, 12.1558-37.9316), with an estimated proportion of 77.5438% being mediated by levels of soluble solids and acidity. Furthermore, levels of total soluble solids and acidity were found to independently increase vitamin C content, and they were significant mediators in the relationship between peel thickness and vitamin C content. In summary, our findings suggest that soluble solids and acidity levels act as key mediators in the relationship between peel thickness and vitamin C content.