Abstract : The post-partum period is a vulnerable time for mood disorders, particularly post-partum depression (PPD). PPDs can have serious consequences not only for the mother, but also for the mother-child relationship and the subsequent development of the child. The aim of this study was to screen Moroccan mothers for early postpartum depressive symptomatology (PDS) in order to identify difficulties in establishing a better-quality mother-baby bond. A prospective study was carried out on 234 mother-newborn dyads (N=234) at the SOUISSI Maternity Unit of the CHU IBN SINA RABAT using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) [18] to identify postpartum depressive symptomatology and the Mother-Infant Bonding test (MIB) [56] to assess the quality of the mother-baby bond. The results of this study revealed a highly significant difference (t = 4.451; p < 0.001) in mother-baby bonding disturbance (MIB) scores between the two periods studied, T1(48h) and T2 (12 months postpartum), indicating a significant decrease in this disturbance after 12 months. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the depressive symptomatology scores (EPDS) between the two periods T1 and T2 (p  0.05), indicating a persistence of this symptomatology during the baby's first year. Correlational analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between the mother's age and EPDS in T2(r = 0.252; p < 0.05) and the baby's weight and EPDS in T2 (r = 0.786; p < 0.001). In addition, a significant and positive correlation was found between PDS (EPDS) scores and mother-child bond (MIB) disruption scores at T1 (r = 0.259; p < 0.05). Finally, a highly significant and positive correlation was obtained between the MIB score at T1 and the EPDS score at T2 (r = 0.533; p <0.001). However, logistic regression revealed that early depression was the main predictor of disruption of the mother-baby bond at one year (p < 0.001). This study highlights the importance for clinicians of detecting maternal depressive symptoms as early as the maternity hospital stay, in order to take early action through appropriate management to promote a better bond between mother and baby.