This open-label study evaluated the effects on body fat of the use of a low-dose oral contraceptive (gestodene75/EE20) in a group of 61 women (OC-U group) as compared to a nonuser group (OC-N group) of 51 women who did not receive an oral contraceptive. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-over-hip ratio and body composition data, obtained by bioelectrical impedance [percentages of body fat (%FAT), water (%TBW) and lean mass (%FFM)], were assessed before and after six treatment cycles. Baseline OC-U group weight, BMI, %FAT, %TBW and %FFM did not differ from the OC-N group, either at baseline or at the end of the study, and did not significantly change within each group during the study. Also, there was no modification of fat distribution in either group. Among women in the OC-U group, there was a slight increase in total cholesterol levels and a trend towards higher triglycerides levels. No changes were detected in blood pressure. In conclusion, this low-dose oral contraceptive did not affect weight or body composition. Thus, our data suggest that gestodene75/EE20 represents an appropriate OC choice and may enhance compliance of women who mistakenly believe that the use of oral contraceptives always leads to weight gain